NAME Hapalophragmites cumminsii
AGE Miocene.   AGE span: 23.03...5.332 mya
K&J CLASSIFICATION (2000) Basidiomycetes, Uredinales.
FIGURE(S)
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Pl.9fig.39.jpg
FIGURE REFERENCE Ramanujam CGK, Ramachar P. 1980. Recognizable spores of rust fungi (Uredinales) from Neyveli lignite, Tamil Nadu; Records of the Geological Survey of India, v. 113(5), p. 80-85.
SPECIES, AUTHORITY H. cumminsii Ramanujam & Ramachar 1980, p. 82, pl. 1, fig. 7.
LOCATION Neyveli lignite, Tamil Nadu, India.
ORIG DESCRIPTION* Teliospores triquetrously three-celled, pedicellate, more or less rounded triangular to rounded, 30-42 x 30-39 µm, cinnamon-brown, wall up to 3 µm thick, smooth; pedicel up to 8 µm long; one germ pore per cell, faint, up to 2 µm in diameter.
COMMENTS* Common elements in the Neyveli lignite. The pedicel is not preserved in all specimens, but its point of attachment is marked by a slight flattening of the spore wall between two cells. The fossil spores show close similarity to spores of modern Hapalophragmium; in other related triquetrous spores (e.g. Triphragmium and Nyssopsora) the odd spore is basal, not terminal as here. Furthermore, Nyssopsora has more than one germ pore per cell. Hapalophragmium is a tropical rust parasitizing leguminous plants, pollen of which are abundant in the Neyveli lignite.

Named for G.B. Cummins, famed uredinologist of Arizona University, U.S.A.
PUBLICATION REFERENCE Ramanujam CGK, Ramachar P. 1980. Recognizable spores of rust fungi (Uredinales) from Neyveli lignite, Tamil Nadu; Records of the Geological Survey of India, v. 113(5), p. 80-85.
K&J REMARKS
TYPE
ALL NAMES (Including synonyms) Hapalophragmites cumminsii
SERIAL NUMBER 668
PUBLIC COMMENTS
 *For source, see Publication Reference.