Sex pheromone of apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella, and its effect on P-mespilella pheromone communication


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Authors: Ferrao, P; Gries, G; Wimalaratne, PDC; Maier, CT; Gries, R; Slessor, KN; Li, JX
Year: 1998
Journal: J. Chem. Ecol. 24: 2059-2078   Article Link (DOI)
Title: Sex pheromone of apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella, and its effect on P-mespilella pheromone communication
Abstract: (Z)-10,(Z)-12-Tetradecadienyl acetate (Z10,Z12-14:OAc) and (E)-10,(E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate (E10,E12-14:OAc) are sex pheromone components of the apple blotch leafminer (ABLM), Phyllonorycter crataegella. Compounds extracted from female pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses, retention index calculations of BAD-active compounds, and by comparative CC-BAD analyses of female ABLM-produced and authentic (synthetic) compounds. In field experiments in apple Malus domestica orchards in Connecticut, Z10,Z12-14:OAc done attracted ABLM males. Addition of E10,E12-14:OAc to 210,Z12-14:OAc at 0.1:10 or 1:10 ratios enhanced attractiveness of the lure. Geometrical isomers Z10,E12- or E10,Z12-14:OAc at equivalent ratios were behaviorally benign and slightly inhibitory, respectively. In field experiments in British Columbia, Z10,Z12-14:OAc plus E10,E12-14:OAc did not attract Phyllonorycter moths, supporting the contention that ABLM is not present in the fruit growing regions of British Columbia. Z10,Z12-14:OAc added to P. mespilella pheromone, (E)-4,(E)10-dodecadienyl acetate, strongly inhibited response by P. mespilella males. Recognition of the ABLM pheromone blend by allopatric P. mespilella males suggests a phylogenetic relationship and previous sympatry of these two Phyllonorycter spp. If pheromonal attraction of ABLM males were reciprocally inhibited by P. mespilella pheromone, a generic Phyllonorycter pheromone blend could be tested for pheromone-based mating disruption of the apple leaf-mining Phyllonorycter guild in North America.
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