Genetic diversity among natural and cultivated field populations and seed lots of american ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in Canada
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| Authors: | Schluter, C; Punja, ZK |
| Year: | 2002 |
| Journal: | International Journal of Plant Sciences 163: 427-439 |
| Title: | Genetic diversity among natural and cultivated field populations and seed lots of american ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in Canada |
| Abstract: | Genetic diversity within Canadian-grown North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fifteen primers that produced 35 highly repeatable polymorphic markers were used to screen over 600 plant samples from various Canadian ginseng farms and seed lots. Ten samples from a Wisconsin seed lot and 58 samples from three natural ginseng populations in Quebec were also included for comparison. Genetic distance values, estimated as the complement to the simple matching coefficient, within cultivated populations ranged from 0.21 for a population in Nova Scotia to 0.34 for a British Columbia population, with an overall mean of 0.3. Distance values within three natural populations were either similar (0.33) or lower (0.12, 0.19) when compared with cultivated populations, indicating that populations under cultivation have not undergone a reduction in overall genetic diversity. However, one RAPD marker was polymorphic only in natural populations. Monotonic multidimensional scaling and x 2 analyses indicated that natural populations were genetically distinct from cultivated ones. Individual plants originating as seeds from the same mother plant had much lower genetic diversity (mean of 0.18) compared with individual field-grown plants chosen at random from the same farm. Segregation of some RAPD markers was observed among the progeny, indicating that parental plants have some degree of heterozygosity and that a level of outcrossing may be present. Estimates of the component for genetic diversity between populations (G'(ST)) were 18.0% and 28.0% for cultivated and natural populations, respectively; much of the variation was detected within and not between populations. These results imply that North American ginseng is a heterogeneous mix of genetic material and that the observed genetic diversity in cultivated populations in Canada results largely from the mixing of different seed lots. In addition, heterozygosity within the parent plants and cross-pollination appear also to contribute to genetic variation in this species. |
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