Lethal and sublethal effects in Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) following exposure to five aquaculture chemotherapeutants
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| Authors: | Sahota, C; Hayek, K; Surbey, B; Kennedy, CJ |
| Year: | 2021 |
| Journal: | Ecotoxicology Article Link (DOI) PubMed |
| Title: | Lethal and sublethal effects in Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) following exposure to five aquaculture chemotherapeutants |
| Abstract: | Early life stages of Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) are at risk of exposure to the active ingredients of chemotherapeutant formulations (hydrogen peroxide [HP], azamethiphos [AZ], emamectin benzoate [EB], cypermethrin [CP] and deltamethrin [DM]) used to control sea lice in salmon aquaculture. LC50 values (95% confidence intervals) for acute 48-h water exposures in order of least to most toxic to seawater-adapted pink salmon fry were: HP (227 [138-418] mg/L), EB (1090 [676-2006] mu g/L), AZ (80 [52-161] mu g/L), CP (5.1 [3.0-10.5] mu g/L), and DM (980 [640-1800] ng/L), and in subchronic 10-d lethality sediment exposure tests: EB (2065 [1384-3720] mu g/kg), CP (97 [58-190] mu g/kg), and DM (1035 [640-2000] ng/kg). Alterations in behaviour varied between chemicals; no chemical attracted pink salmon fry; fish avoided HP to a limited extent at 50 mg/L), as well as EB (300 mu g/L), and AZ (50 mu g/L). Significant concentration-dependent decreases in olfactory responsiveness to food extract were seen following AZ, CP and DM exposures that occurred at lower concentrations with longer exposure periods (10 mu g/L, 0.5 mu g/L and 100 ng/L thresholds at 7 d). Following 10-d sediment exposures, olfaction was only affected by CP exposure at 50 mu g/kg. Significant decreases in swimming performance (Ucrit) occured for HP, AZ, CP and DM at concentrations as low as 100 mg/L, 10 mu g/L, 2 mu g/L and 200 ng/L, respectively. This study provides comprehensive data on the lethal and sublethal effects of aquaculture chemotherapeutant exposure in early life stage pink salmon. |
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