Effects of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) on the swimming performance, gill morphology, disease resistance, and biochemistry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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| Authors: | Wood, AW; Johnston, BD; Farrell, AP; Kennedy, CJ |
| Year: | 1996 |
| Journal: | Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53: 2424-2432 |
| Title: | Effects of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) on the swimming performance, gill morphology, disease resistance, and biochemistry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
| Abstract: | The acute lethal and sublethal toxicity of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated. The nominal 96-h LC(50) value in a flow-through exposure system was 0.409 mg . L(-1). Investigation of the effects of acute sublethal exposures on blood chemistry, swimming performance, disease resistance, and gill morphology revealed no adverse effects after a 24-h exposure to 0.1 mg DDAC . L(-1). Primary and secondary biochemical indicators of stress, i.e., plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate levels, were only significantly elevated after a 24-h exposure to DDAC at 0.4 mg . L(-1). However, swimming performance decreased significantly after 12- and 24-h exposures to both 0.2 and 0.4 mg . L(-1). Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed no gross disruptions to gill epithelial surfaces as a result of toxicant exposure. A disease challenge test revealed that exposure to sublethal concentrations of DDAC for 24 h had no significant effects on the susceptibility of rainbow trout to lethal infection from Vibrio anguilarum after 14 d. The results suggest that DDAC has a very steep dose-response relationship during acute exposures. Those responsible for regulating the outflow of DDAC into fish-bearing waters should take this into account. |
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