Glutamate mobilizes [Zn2+](i) through Ca2+-dependent reactive oxygen species accumulation
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| Authors: | Dineley, KE; Devinney, MJ; Zeak, JA; Rintoul, GL; Reynolds, IJ |
| Year: | 2008 |
| Journal: | Journal of Neurochemistry 106: 2184-2193 Article Link (DOI) |
| Title: | Glutamate mobilizes [Zn2+](i) through Ca2+-dependent reactive oxygen species accumulation |
| Abstract: | Liberation of zinc from intracellular stores contributes to oxidant-induced neuronal injury. However, little is known regarding how endogenous oxidant systems regulate intracellular free zinc ([Zn2+](i)). Here we simultaneously imaged [Ca2+](i) and [Zn2+](i) to study acute [Zn2+](i) changes in cultured rat forebrain neurons after glutamate receptor activation. Neurons were loaded with fura-2FF and FluoZin-3 to follow [Ca2+](i) and [Zn2+](i), respectively. Neurons treated with glutamate (100 mu M) for 10 min gave large Ca2+ responses that did not recover after termination of the glutamate stimulus. Glutamate also increased [Zn2+](i), however glutamate-induced [Zn2+](i) changes were completely dependent on Ca2+ entry, appeared to arise entirely from internal stores, and were substantially reduced by co-application of the membrane-permeant chelator TPEN during the glutamate treatment. Pharmacological maneuvers revealed that a number of endogenous oxidant producing systems, including nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A(2), and mitochondria all contributed to glutamate-induced [Zn2+](i) changes. We found no evidence that mitochondria buffered [Zn2+](i) during acute glutamate receptor activation. We conclude that glutamate-induced [Zn2+](i) transients are caused in part by [Ca2+](i)-induced reactive oxygen species that arises from both cytosolic and mitochondrial sources. |
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