Comparative analysis of hydraulic fracturing wastewater practices in unconventional shale developments: Regulatory regimes
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| Authors: | Notte, C; Allen, DM; Gehman, J; Alessi, DS; Goss, GG |
| Year: | 2017 |
| Journal: | Can. Water Resour. J. 42: 122-137 Article Link (DOI) |
| Title: | Comparative analysis of hydraulic fracturing wastewater practices in unconventional shale developments: Regulatory regimes |
| Abstract: | This paper is the second in a two-part series that assesses and summarizes extant knowledge regarding hydraulic fracturing wastewater management using a comparative, multidisciplinary approach. This study compares the regulatory regimes related to wastewater handling (storage and transport), treatment and disposal practices as they apply to the hydraulic fracturing industry in four unconventional shale plays in North America: the Montney in British Columbia (BC), the Duvernay in Alberta (AB), the Marcellus in the northeastern United States (US) and the Barnett in Texas. In North America, handling, treatment and disposal practices in the regulation of oil and gas wastewater is complex and multifaceted due to shared jurisdiction over many aspects across provincial or state lines, and/or across provincial/state and federal levels. All jurisdictions considered in this assessment have highly specific regulations for many elements of wastewater handling, treatment and disposal. However, much of the guidance for these practices comes from other legislation that makes provisions for environmental or safety performance, or prohibitions against pollution. The research suggests that knowledge gaps exist in the areas of regulatory outcomes, and compliance and best management practices, particularly in how those factors enable and constrain environmentally sustainable practices. BC's area-based-management model and AB's play-based-regulation pilot project are examples of attempted cumulative effects assessment and management noticeably absent from the Marcellus or Barnett plays. |
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